OSTEOPOROSIS AND EXERCISE

Abstract

The bone tissue is a dynamic structure that adapts to various stimuli such as physical exercise and mechanical vibration, and constantly undergoes reconstruction and destruction. Resistance, aerobic and high impact exercises are the most frequently used exercise types to increase bone mineral density, and to reduce the risk of osteoporotic fracture. The exercises should be dynamic, exceed the threshold intensity, contain an unusual strain pattern, and supported with adequate calcium intake and vitamin D, to demonstrate an osteogenic effect on bone tissue. High impact exercises seem to have the most significant effect on bone mass increase. Exercise programs for osteoporosis prevention should include high impact exercises that are combined with strength, weight bearing and balance activities, and cardiovascular conditioning.